A. Abstraction is a lack of representational qualities (aka subjects from life). Abstraction in photography is when there is no clear identifiable object, or an image that "does not have an immediate association with the object world" (Wikipedia).
Bruce Barnbaum
Wolfgang Tillmans
Depth of field is used mostly in the photo by Kasten, as she focuses on the mirror in front, leaving its reflections blurred. It enhances the photo by making it more mysterious and breaking up some of the harsh lines. Barnbaum does not use much depth of field because there is no real background for his photo. It works in his case because he fills the frame with his subject, and his subject has dimension through different light values, and appears to be 3D because of this. In Tillman's photo, the upper left side is blurred, which softens the image and adds contrast to the darker lines, as well as abstracting the photo, leading us to be unsure of what the subject really is.
B. Shallow Depth of Field:
Still Life: Sascha Grosser
Portrait: Pal-Nils Nilsson
Natural Landscape: Christopher O'Donnell
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